Hiya @Teej,
I'm not sure if my response is going to be any use to you at all, but I'll share anyways.
I have two types of SI urges; when I'm not depressed (ND) and when I'm depressed (D).
1. When D they last as long as the depression lasts, I usually end up in hosptial or get my medication changed and that stops them. But they can last years, yes YEARS! I was severely depressed for over a year when I first attempted suicide and I would sit there every day asking myself if that was the day I would give in. I decdied to wait 365 days and do everything I could before I hurt myself. I ended up attempting but, a change in medication soon pulled me out of the abyss.
When ND it's something different entirely. I'm sure you've seen my posts for the last few weeks. It's not so much an urge as a rational decision. It's pretty much always in the background, but very quiet for the most part.
2. DRUGS. Lots and lots of drugs. Also a recognition of what I've just been through. No one will acknoweldge SI and SA everyone including health professionals skirt around the issue. I need recognitiion and support for what I've just been through. I think we should treat people like trauma survivors after a period of SI, that's the same level of expereince as far as I'm concerned.
3. Yes, for D - simply being 'ill' is my main trigger.
For ND - yes I know my triggers, but I don't want to talk about it right now.
4. For D - distraction techniques, literally doing something, anything. For me studying, exercise, knitting, chatting on the computer. I get a bit frenetic just trying to fill my hands and my mind to get me through the day and the next day and the next. And reminding myself that it will pass. STRONGLY reminding myself it will pass.
For ND - talking to people, cuddling teddy, distracting myself - but it works less well. It never really goes away, but I'm so goddamned scared of dying that, this thought is protective enough for me.
5. Yes, very real that I need to die. When D I feel like I HAVE to die. Everyone wants me dead.
But the biggest thing for me is that it doesn't feel differernt each time, it's horrible it feels exactly the same each time. I often feel like I had 400 days worth of SI coping inside of me and I've used up those 400 days and I'm now on borrowed time, it feels like every day is comounded on each other and I'm back at the end of that year, completely exhaused and spent.
6. Fear of death?
Desire to make something better?
I guess practice and dedication is the key. That year I was ill I did everything I could to stay alive. Everything. I would go jogging at 3am cause I couldn't sit still enough at home and I couldn't control myself. It was horrible. I almost became myopic in my illness half my brain was trying to k i l l me, the other half was spending every ounce of energy to keep myself alive.
I don't think I've been much help, but that's my answer to your questions.